To strengthen your grammar, you need to read grammar textbooks. This is one of the best ways to get acquainted with grammar tips in a scientific way. There are countless authoritative books in the field of English grammar such as English Grammar Digest, Communicate What You Mean, Practical English Usage, Understanding and Using English Grammar, Essential Grammar in Use, Common Mistakes in English and so on.

Unlike vocabulary, grammar tips are limited. Therefore, if you learn a few of these tips every day, you will be able to increase your knowledge of grammar significantly (if not completely) in a short time.

You also need to read more critically and concisely. More precisely, as you read, be prepared to fill in or underline certain words, phrases, and grammar tips to increase your level of awareness.

Writing personal diaries can also help you strengthen your mastery of grammar. In this way, try to use the grammar tips you have just learned in your writing.

Another useful technique to strengthen your English grammar is the interpretation technique. When you interpret a text, you are actually trying to rewrite the text differently while retaining the meaning.

If you are an intermediate or advanced student, you may want to gain experience teaching English grammar to beginners. Keep in mind that you can maximize your learning by teaching English grammar.

If you have several learner friends, you can write articles on pre-defined topics with a limited number of words. Subsequently, you can share your articles with each other and also read and evaluate your friends’ articles. Not only will you be able to evaluate your friends’ articles, but your articles will also be evaluated by your friends. This technique is called “peer evaluation”.

Remember grammar is based on rules. So, in a way, it has a nature like mathematics. As a result, do not spend too much time on grammar without resting, as you will get bored.

Another good solution is to have a grammar booklet. You can record a history of grammar tips you learn every day and practice on your writing at the same time.

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Subordinating Conjunctions

Dependent or non-cohesive conjunctions are known by this name because they associate an (independent clause) with (dependent clause), meaning that the two sides of these conjunctions are not the same, hence they are called non-coherent.

Consider punctuation in two possible ways:

Dependent clause, Independent clause

Independent clause + dependent clause

• Independent quasi-sentence can convey meaning alone and independently like a complete sentence and does not need additional information to complete it.

• The dependent quasi-sentence adds more and additional information to the independent quasi-sentence and its meaning is not complete and in order to be complete it must be connected to the independent quasi-sentence.

• Now we merge two pseudo-sentences using conjunctions:

Ali couldn’t pass the English test since he was careless in the class.

Since he was careless in the class, Ali couldn’t pass the English test.

I hope this tutorial was useful.

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for is used to express reason and purpose. The only difference between for and because can be expressed in that when you connect two sentences with a for, you must first use a comma. But when you connect two sentences with because, you should not use commas before that.

She must have been very hungry, for she ate everything immediately.

She put on a sweater, for it was cold outside.

Application AND

This conjunction means “and” and indicates that the two things are the same. Consider the following example:

I take milk and sugar in my coffee.

She listened to music and watched TV after lunch.

Application NOR

This conjunction is used to indicate or select a negative mode after a negative mode and means “no”. The conjunction nor connects two sentences or phrases. The sentence nor in it must have a positive verb. Example:

He doesn’t eat cake, nor does he eat biscuits.

I don’t go for the fresh air nor really for the ducks. Honestly, I just like the soccer.

Application BUT

This conjunction expresses contradiction.

I like coffee, but my wife prefers tea.

I eat cake, but I never eat biscuits.

A common use of the conjunction “but” in the “not… but” structure. You can also use the word “rather” to emphasize the contradiction in the sentence.

Application OR

This conjunction is used to indicate. Example:

You can buy the book, or you can borrow it from the library.

Either I drive to the airport or I get a taxi.

YET application

This conjunction is used to express an unexpected contradiction. It means that according to the circumstances, we do not expect something to be done, but it will be done.

Tom studied a lot, yet he did not pass the test.

Is your roommate awake yet?

Application of SO

Something is used to show the result. Example:

He was very hungry, so he ate all the cake.

I’ve drunk six cups of coffee today, so I’ve got a headache.

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Conjunctions indicate “Contrast”

These conjunctions are used to indicate contrast in English. For example, it is a contradiction that you are hungry and do not want to eat. When we want to say in English that we are hungry but I do not want to eat, we must use these letters.

In these cases, you should use the conjunctions Although, even though, though. These words, meaning “although” or “despite”, are all used to denote contradiction. Note that when using these words, you must use the full sentence. A complete sentence is a sentence that has a subject and a verb. To use these conjunctions, you must first learn how to structure and sentence them. Consider the following examples.

We have two independent and conceptually contradictory and paradoxical sentences, and then we harmonize them with these words.

I didn’t like the garden.

The garden was beautiful.

Now we connect these two sentences with the above conjunctions.

Although / even though the garden was beautiful, I didn’t like it.

I didn’t like the garden; it was beautiful though.

Use In spite of the fact that / Despite the fact that

Note that if you are looking for a replacement for the above three words, you can use two structures In spite of the fact that / despite the fact that. The use of these two structures is more beautiful and naturally has a more formal structure. After these two structures, you will definitely need to use the complete sentence, ie the subject and the verb.

Consider the following example:

In spite of the fact that / despite the fact that the garden was beautiful, I didn’t like it.

Despite and In spite of

The two modes In spite of and Despite are also used to display the paradox in English. Note that you should never use a complete sentence after these two structures, because after these two structures you need a noun phrase.

In spite of / despite of beautiful garden, I didn’t like it.

Translation of the above sentence: “Despite the beautiful garden, but I did not like it.” is.

Conjunctions represent Reason

The words because, since, because of, and due to are used in English to relate cause and effect sentences. These conjunctions and their use in English are structured as follows.

Because / since + sentence

Due to / because of + noun

Consider the following examples:

Cause sentence:

The movie was interesting.

Disabled sentence:

I did not go to sleep.

Now we connect these two sentences with the corresponding letters.

I did not go to sleep because / since the movie was interesting.

Because of / due to interesting movie, I didn’t go to sleep.

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The most basic question you ask yourself before you start is why you write.

In an academic paper or assignment, your goal is to convey information and facts and conclusions. But if you are writing a business report, you may want to make recommendations for specific actions. In a complaint letter you will be looking for a specific result such as a refund.

Always keep your goal in mind so as not to get out of the discussion. Even better: write it down in as few words as possible, print it out, and keep it with you as you write.

2- Choose the right style

In conversation, we instinctively adapt what we say and how we express it to the people we are talking to. We talk to our principal or teacher in one way, to friends in another, and so on. To write well, the same thing is necessary: ​​Choose a writing style and words that the people you write for feel comfortable with and respond well to. Academic writing has one style, business writing has another style, blogging has another.

3- Start with an application

Many times, people write without a plan. The result is often separate writing, with pieces that are not connected, there is no clear path. Whether you are writing a 10,000-word report or a letter of complaint, creating a clear plan and structure is the first vital step in conveying your most effective message quickly and effectively. Mapping or visually organizing information with charts can be a useful tool.

4- Write for readers, not for yourself

Your goal in writing is to convey ideas and information to other people, and you should keep this in mind with every word and sentence you write. Always ask yourself who each piece of information really belongs to.

Do not say anything about your motivation for writing in the text. What you write matters, not your motivation (unless explanation is necessary to understand the text)

5- Guide readers through what you write

Your job is to help readers understand your message quickly and accurately. To do this, you need to clearly show them how the different parts relate to each other.

Each sentence, each paragraph should be relevant to what comes before and after it. To show these connections, you must use words and phrases that are connected or contradictory, for example, as a result, in this way, in contrast, informative titles also help readers to follow your thoughts, So do not be afraid to use them.

6- Use passive verbs appropriately

In certain types of writing, such as scientific contexts, passive verbs are appropriate and widely used. But in general, most people often use them inappropriately or overuse them.

The problem is that they can make writing impersonal because it requires personalization; Because they highlight the action, not the person who performs it. But for most people, the action is an important part of the message. It is important to know when passivity is useful and when it is not.

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The participle of a verb or Participles is a form of verb that is used in a sentence to describe a noun, noun phrase, verb, or present phrase, and assumes the role of an adjective or adverb. The descriptive aspect, if it has a present tense, is the noun of the subject and the noun of the object, and if it is descriptive, it is the adjective of the subject and the adjective of the object.

The structure of an adjective form, like a verb, has two aspects, known and unknown. The adjective form is made in two ways, one by adding ing to the end of the verb and the other by adding ed to the end of regular verbs, and irregular verbs should be memorized only by memorizing and practicing. The infinitive is called present participle or the definite article and the ed is called the object noun, which is used in the known as well as the unknown.

1- present participle

By adding ing to the end of the verb, an adjective can be created. The present tense always ends with ing. This adjective can be used as an adjective to explain nouns in a sentence. Consider the following examples.

The winning athlete gets a trophy.

We met a girl carrying a basket full of vegetables.

2- Past participle

Ed can be added to the end of regular verbs to make them descriptive. Consider the following example.

Deceived by his friends, he committed the crime.

tip:

It may end with ((n, -d, -en, -t)) to make the past participle of irregular verbs.

Swollen- burnt- hoped- broken.

3- perfect participle

The combination of having together with the third form of the verb forms a complete adjective. Example:

Having rested for a while, we continued our journey.

The importance of learning adjectives in English

Although descriptive is one of the advanced grammars, it is necessary to learn and master it. High usage, making a variety of sentences, shortening sentences when needed, and also showing the high level of your grammar are some of the reasons why this is so important.

tip:

When the sentence begins with a descriptive phrase, be sure to remember that the implicit subject of the first part must be the same as the subject of the second part of the sentence.

Adjective role

Ali who was standing on the balcony could see the entire garden.

Standing on the balcony, Ali could see the entire garden. (Right)

Standing on the balcony, the entire garden could be seen. (Incorrect)

The role of the captive

If they were given the option, many people choose money over knowledge. (Conditional adverb clause)

Given the option, many people choose money over knowledge. (Conditional adverbial participle)

tip:

If you are in doubt between adjective and adverb and want to use an adverb, use the while while at the beginning of the sentence.

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When we know the listener knows or can understand what we are talking about or who. Consider the following example:

The apple you ate was rotten

Did you lock the car?

When you talk about something that is only one thing in a place, even if it has not been mentioned before. Now look at the following example:

We went on a walk in the forest yesterday.

 (There is only one forest in that place)

Where is the bathroom of this house?

Turn left and go to number 45. Our house is across from the Italian restaurant.

My father enjoyed the book you gave him.

When we talk about specific geographical locations, we use the letter the. Consider the following example:

The North Pole

The equator

We use the English word the before the names of rivers, seas and oceans. As:

The Nile

The Pacific Ocean

Our ship crossed the Atlantic in 7 days.

They are traveling in the Arctic.

The is used with the name of the decades. As:

He was born in the seventies.

This is a painting from the 1820’s.

The is used with countries that are in the plural (that is, they have the plural s at the end):

I have never been to the Netherlands.

The United States

The Alps

The definite article the is also used with the names of countries with the words “republic”, “kingdom” and “states” at the beginning:

They work in the United States.

She is visiting the United Kingdom.

If the words university and college are used before the noun, we use the definite article the:

My sister is studying music at the College of Modern Arts.

Attributes that refer to all people in a group or category are used in the definite article:

The elderly requires special attention.

She has given a lot of money to the poor.

Consider the following examples before the adjective (top) and ordinal numbers are used:

This is the oldest building house in our city.

She read the last chapter of her new book first.

Saeid is the happiest person I’ve ever seen.

In the sentence described with only, the definite article the is used. Consider the following example:

The only fast food I like is hamburger.

Real Madrid is the only team that I watch its matches.

The definite article is used before the names of the newspapers. Consider the following example:

the Christian Science Mentor

Along with the names of famous buildings, works of art, museums and monuments, the definite article is used. Note the following examples:

Have you been to the Vietnam Memorial?

Examples of the use of the letter the

The names of the planets must be preceded by the definite article the, for example:

the planet Mercury.

Before the last name used collectively and refers to two or more family members. for example:

the Johnsons

the Smiths

Before the names related to the media, the definite article the should be used, for example:

the media

the radio

the newspaper

Before the names are related to transportation, the definite article the should be used, for example:

the bus

the train

the airplane

the subway

Before certain historical events or periods, the definite article the should be used, for example:

The Middle Ages

The Civil War

The Renaissance

The names of the definite article should be used before the names of heavenly or very famous books, for example:

the Quran

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In using verbs in English, the learner may use the wrong tenses instead of the correct tense of the verb, or use the simple form of the verb, as he is more familiar with this type of tense. This error is usually due to the use of simple present tenses or news tenses. For example, a learner might say: I am sick! I’m sick! Although he wants to say I have been sick for some time, he has resorted to the simple present tense of the verb. Because important information, such as the timing of events and situations, is conveyed through the timing of verbs, it is important to use the correct timing to convey the meaning you want. Note that the verb and the subject must match. Ensuring verb-subject matching helps clarify the concept you are trying to say or write. Exercising on verbs, as well as using a wide range of verbs in written and spoken exercises, can solve this problem.

Incorrect or incomplete training

Incorrect teaching, whether it is a mistake on the part of the teacher or insufficient learning, can lead to many errors in language learning. To avoid this, the learner must ensure the reliability of the sources or find reliable teachers. To ensure adequate language training, you can take more courses, or use different educational resources in different ways to reach the level of your desired skill. You can also use online professors and courses.

Excessive correction and accuracy on grammar

A learner who is constantly focused on his or her flaws and is constantly correcting himself or herself becomes embarrassed and nervous. This causes the learner’s mind to engage in error and fear it. So instead of focusing on communicating as best they can, the learner focuses on avoiding mistakes. That is, he pauses more on his sentences. His speech is slow and unnatural and accompanied by a great deal of apprehension. And when he speaks, his whole mind is on grammatical commands. This only causes the learner’s mind to be completely locked so that he cannot utter a word. Try to learn grammar in the text. Write several examples; This will make the correct grammatical form of that sentence part of your subconscious and you will no longer need to think about it when speaking.

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A phrase is a combination of a verb and a preposition. A verb and an adverb, or a verb with both an adverb and a preposition. These verbs usually have completely different meanings from the main verb. Indigenous people use verb phrases a lot in their sentences, so knowing the most common ones will come as a surprise to your understanding. Phrase phrases are like shortcuts that express complex speech in a few words instead of long sentences.

Phrasal verbs with the verb give

Give away

“He’s a generous man. He gives away half of his salary to charity each month. ”

Give back give something back to someone

 “Can you give back that book I lent you?”

Give in to collapse

“The floor gave in after the flood.”

Give out play

“Can you give out these books to the rest of the class please?”

Give up Assign the position of one person to another

“When I’m on the bus, I rarely see anyone give up their seat to the elderly

Phrase verbs with make in English

Phrase verbs with make in English

Make something up Make up a story to lie

“We all believed him when he said he’d been abducted by aliens, but apparently he made the whole thing up.”

Make up with somebody, forgive each other and return to friendship

“I’m glad to hear you and Steve have made up. There’ll be a much happier atmosphere in the office from now on! ”

Make off with something Escape with stolen things

“Bank robbers have made off with over one million pounds after an audacious daylight raid.”

Make up for something Compensate for a bad deed to someone with a good deed

“I’m taking Jean on holiday to Paris to make up for forgetting her birthday.”

Phrase verbs with run

Run into See someone by chance

“I ran into an old friend of mine yesterday while I was out shopping.”

Run out of finish

“We’ve run out of coffee again. Could you get some on your way home?”

Run up pay

“He ran up a huge bill at dinner.”

Run away with leave someone, escape from someone

“Her husband ran away with the secretary.”

Run over to crash into someone

“He’s still very upset after running over the cat last night.”

Run through to summarize

“OK, can we just run through the main points again?”

Run on energy supply

“Those new cars run on electricity, but they are so expensive.”

Run up against having trouble

“The company ran up against some problems initially, but now things are operating smoothly.”

Phrase verbs with go

Go without something doing work without having something useful or necessary

“I don’t mind going without air conditioning for a few days, but you really need to get the plumbing fixed in the bathroom.”

Go over something to feel better after an unpleasant event or illness

“It took me a while to get over the break up. Even now, I still think of him sometimes. ”

Go out leaving home to attend a social event

“We used to go out to bars and restaurants all the time, but it all changes when you have children.”

Go out with somebody Romantic date with fiancé

“Are you going out with anyone at the moment? I’d love to take you for a meal sometime. ”

Phrasal verbs with come

Come across surprise

“I came across that old watch of mine when I was cleaning out the drawers.”

Come across

“She comes across as a really confident person.”

Come into to obtain

“John has been buying some flashy cars lately. He must have come into a bit of money. ”

Come up with invent, develop, think

“I’m finding it difficult to come up with new ideas.”

Come up against facing various problems

“We’ve come up against several political and legal problems.”

Come down with succumbing to illness or virus

“I don’t feel very well today. I think I’ve come down with the flu. ”

Come back to remember

“I could not remember her name, but after a few minutes it came back to me.”

Phrase phrases with look

Look into research

“The police are looking into reports of a robbery last night.”

Look up Looking for specific information

“Can you look up John’s phone number for me please?”

Look forward to being eager

“I am looking forward to seeing my family again after six months of living abroad.”

Look out be careful

“Look out, there’s a car coming!”

Look after take care

“Can you look after my cat while I’m away?”

Look on watch

“The crowd looked on as the firm tried to put out the fire.”

Look up to  admire, to respect

“She really looks up to her boss. He has taught her many things.”

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I used to have long hair (but now I have short hair).

He used to smoke (but now he doesn’t smoke).

They used to live in India (but now they live in Germany).

tip:

Note that in negative and question mode, you should use use instead of used. Consider the following examples:

Did you use to study here?

(Have you ever studied here?)

Did you use to be a teacher?

Have you been a teacher in the past?

I didn’t use to see him very often.

(I did not see him much in the past)

She didn’t use to like chocolate, but she does now.

He did not love chocolate before, but now he does.

I didn’t use to want to have a nice house.

I did not want to have a good house before.

Application be used to

This verb means “to get used to” and is used at all times. This verb indicates the habit of being in a state or action that is not foreign to us. This phrase is used when we want to say that we are familiar with something or doing something in the past tense. Consider the following examples:

Verb ing / pronoun / noun + be used to

He is used to cats.

He is used to her mother.

I am used to living alone.

Are you used to life in a big city?

I am used to heavy traffic.

I’m used to heavy traffic.

Application get used to

This verb means “get used to” and is used when we say that someone is getting used to something, but has not yet fully got used to it. After get used to a noun, pronoun or ing verb is used. Consider the following examples:

Verb ing / pronoun / noun + get used to

I got used to the hot and humid weather in Mazandaran.

I will get used to the hot and humid weather in Mazandaran.

I will get used to living in hot and humid weather.

tip:

By changing the time of the verb get in the get used to structure, you can express the habit at different times.

Do not forget that one of the best ways to learn a language, especially grammatical structures, is to look at and repeat the phrases used in movies.

We hope you find this article useful and that we have been able to introduce you to this educational topic.

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